Insta_nurses

  Intramuscular (IM) Administration Here are the steps needed to accomplish administering IM injections. Feel free to read through the steps . You will be needing all these supplies. Prepare the medication to be given, syringe, alcohol prep pad, gauze, band-aid and needle. The needles are usually 21g or 22g, and 1 1/2″ long. Wash your hands. Prepare/Mix the medication accordingly and put it into the syringe. Attach the new needle into the syringe. Medication can be given into the: Ventrogluteal  – Patient may lie on back or side with hip and knee flexed. Vastus lateralis  – Patient may lie on the back or may assume a sitting position. Deltoid  – Patient may sit or lie with arm relaxed. Dorsogluteal  – Patient may lie prone with toes pointing inward or on side with upper leg flexed and placed in front of lower leg. The site should be free of bumps and scars. Clean the site with an alcohol pad. Allow the alcohol to dry. Do not use a blower or fan to quicken the dr...

  Colorectal Cancer   Description of Colorectal Cancer Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colon cancer and may spread by direct extension through the walls of the intestine or through the lymphatic or circulatory system. Metastasis is most often to the liver. Duke’s Classification of Colorectal Cancer Stage A: confined to bowel mucosa, 80-90 % 5 years survival rate Stage B: invading muscle wall Stage C; Lymph node involvement Stage D: Metastases or locally unresectable tumor, less than 5% , 5 years survival rate. Causes/ Risk Factors Modifiable Diet:  Whether diet plays a role in developing colon cancer remains under debate. The belief that a high-fiber, low-fat diet could help prevent colon cancer has been questioned. Studies do indicate that exercise and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help prevent colon cancer. Obesity:  Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for colon cancer. Smoking:  Cigarette smoking has been definitely linked to a h...

  Communicable Disease (Vector Borne) Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) An infectious disease that affects humans and animals, is considered the most common zoonosis in the world Causative Agent:   Leptospira interrogans Sign/Symptoms: High fever Chills Vomiting Red eyes Diarrhea Severe headache muscle aches may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) abdominal pain Treatment: PET  - >  P enicillins,  E rythromycin,  T etracycline Malaria Malaria (from Medieval Italian: mala aria - "bad air"; formerly called ague or marsh fever) is an infectious disease that is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions. Causative Agent:   Anopheles female mosquito Signs & Symptoms: C hills to convulsion H epatomegaly A nemia S weats profusely E levated temperature Treatment: Chemoprophylaxis – chloroquine taken at weekly interval, starting from 1-2 weeks before entering the endemic area. Anti-malarial drugs – sulfadoxine, quinine sulfate, tetrac...

 ROLE OF A NURSE IN EPIDEMIOLOGY Role of a nurse in epidemiology can be explained in 4 aspects. These are: Preventive role Promotive role Curative role Rehabilitative role Role in Prevention Epidemiology is one of the basic sciences applicable to nursing. The nurses working in a community deal with people in various settings and help them solve their health problems. They make the nursing process. They identify and investigate the problem, formulate and test the hypothesis regarding the causal factors, formulate alternative interventions and implement to prevent and control the problem and evaluate effectiveness of intervention. They have an active role in the prevention and control of communicable diseases which include:             - Identify sources of infection and methods of spread of infection.             - Health education of people in general.             - Having an important role in...

  Indwelling Catheter Insertion Inserting an Indwelling Catheter to a Female Check physician’s order. Check client’s identaband and if able have client state name. Explain procedure to client. Provide privacy. Gather equipment. Assist client to position, knees up and out. *Be careful to not contaminate sterile field Cleanse client’s perineum of antiseptic solution. Remove drapes. Reposition client for comfort; put bed in low position. Remove and discard disposable supplies in appropriate container. Wash hand. Document procedure, measure and record urine output on I&O bedside record. Inserting an Indwelling Catheter to a Male Check physician’s order. Check client’s identaband and if able have client state name. Explain procedure to client. Provide privacy. Gather equipment. Prepare client by placing client in supine position with knees slightly apart. Fan fold top linen down to lower extremities exposing only perineal area. Prepare equipment in the same manner as demonstrated fo...

 Acne Vulgaris Nursing Care Plan & Management Definition Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous follicles. Risk Factors Highest incidence at puberty Genetics Hormonal factors Bacterial infection Pathophysiology Acne eruptions are initiated by increased sebum production activated by androgenic hormones. Sebum is secreted into dilated hair follicles containing normal skin bacteria. The bacteria secrete the enzyme lipase, which reacts with sebum to produce free fatty acids to trigger inflammation. At the same time, keratin produced by the hair follicles combines with sebum to form plugs in dilated follicles. Assessment/Clinical Manifestations/Signs and Symptoms Closed comedones (i.e. whiteheads) Open comedones (i.e. blackheads) Papules, pustules, nodules, cysts Primarily appear on the face, shoulders, and upper back Medical Management The goals of management are to reduce bacterial colonies, decrease sebaceous gland activity, prevent the follicles from becoming ...

  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Nursing Care Plan & Managem ENT Description Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a form of acute respiratory failure that occurs as a complication of some other condition, is caused by a diffuse lung injury, and leads to extravascular lung fluid. The major site of injury is the alveolar capillary membrane. The interstitial edema causes compression and obliteration of the terminal airways and leads to reduced lung volume and compliance. The ABG’s identify respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia that does not respond to an increase percentage of oxygen. The chest X-ray film shows interstitial edema. Some of the causes includes sepsis, fluid overload, shock, trauma, neurological injuries, burns, disseminated intravascular coagulation, drug ingestion and inhalation of toxic substances. Causes & Risk Factors ARDS can be caused by any major swelling (inflammation) or injury to the lung. Some common causes include: Breathing vomit into the lungs ...

  Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Nursing Care Plan and Management Description An aortic aneurysm is an abnormal dilation of the arterial wall caused by localized weakness and stretching in the medial layer or wall of an artery. The aneurysm can be located anywhere along the abdominal aorta. The goal of treatment is to limit the progression of the disease by modifying risk factors , controlling the BP to prevent strain on the aneurysm, recognizing symptoms early, and preventing rupture. Assessment Prominent, pulsating mass in abdomen, at or above the umbilicus Systolic bruit over the aorta Tenderness on deep palpation Abdominal or lower back pain Diagnostic Evaluation Chest radiograph, angiogram, transesophageal echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Duplex ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) Primary Nursing Diagnosis Risk for fluid volume deficit related to hemorrhage Other Diagnoses that may occur in Nursing Care Plans For Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Acute pain re...