Skip to main content

Communicable Disease (Vector Borne)

 Communicable Disease (Vector Borne)

Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)
  • An infectious disease that affects humans and animals, is considered the most common zoonosis in the world
Causative Agent:  Leptospira interrogans
Sign/Symptoms:
  • High fever
  • Chills
  • Vomiting
  • Red eyes
  • Diarrhea
  • Severe headache
  • muscle aches
  • may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
  • abdominal pain
Treatment:

PET - > Penicillins, Erythromycin, Tetracycline


Malaria
  • Malaria (from Medieval Italian: mala aria - "bad air"; formerly called ague or marsh fever) is an infectious disease that is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions.
Causative Agent:  Anopheles female mosquito

Signs & Symptoms:
  • Chills to convulsion
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Anemia
  • Sweats profusely
  • Elevated temperature
Treatment:
  • Chemoprophylaxis – chloroquine taken at weekly interval, starting from 1-2 weeks before entering the endemic area.
  • Anti-malarial drugs – sulfadoxine, quinine sulfate, tetracycline, quinidine
  • Insecticide treatment of mosquito nets, house spraying, stream seeding and clearing, sustainable preventive and vector control meas
Preventive Measures: (CLEAN)
  • Chemically treated mosquito nets
  • Larvae eating fish
  • Environmental clean up
  • Anti mosquito soap/lotion
  • Neem trees/eucalyptus tree

Filariasis
  • name for a group of tropical diseases caused by various thread-like parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae
  • larvae transmit the disease to humans through a mosquito bite
  • can progress to include gross enlargement of the limbs and genitalia in a condition called elephantiasis
Sign/Symptoms:
Asymptomatic Stage
  • Characterized by the presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood
  • No clinical signs and symptoms of the disease
  • Some remain asymptomatic for years and in some instances for life
Acute Stage
  • Lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph nodes)
  • Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymph vessels)
  • In some cases the male genitalia is affected leading to orchitis (redness, painful and tender scrotum)
Chronic Stage
  • Hydrocoele (swelling of the scrotum)
  • Lyphedema (temporary swelling of the upper and lower extremities
  • Elephantiasis (enlargement and thickening of the skin of the lower and / or upper extremities, scrotum, breast)
Management:
  • Diethylcarbamazine citrate or Hetrazan
  • Ivermectin,
  • Albendazolethe
  • No treatment can reverse elephantiasis

Schistosomiasis
  • parasitic disease caused by a larvae
Causative Agent: Schistosoma intercalatum, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni

Signs & Symptoms: (BALLIPS)

  • Bulging abdomen
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loose bowel movement
  • Low grade fever
  • Inflammation of liver & spleen
  • Pallor
  • Seizure
Preventive measures
  • health education regarding mode of transmission and methods of protection; proper disposal of feces and urine; improvement of irrigation and agriculture practices
  • Control of patient, contacts and the immediate environment
Treatment:
  • Diethylcarbamazepine citrate (DEC) or Praziquantel (drug of choice)

Dengue
  • DENGUE is a mosquito-borne infection which in recent years has become a major international public health concern..
  • It is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas.
Sign/Symptoms: (VLINOSPARD)
  • Vomiting
  • Low platelet
  • Nausea
  • Onset of fever
  • Severe headache
  • Pain of the muscle and joint
  • Abdominal pain
  • Rashes
  • Diarrhea
Treatment:
  • The mainstay of treatment is supportive therapy.
    • Intravenous fluids
    • A platelet transfusion
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Human body systems

  Human Body systems  Integumentary  :- Skin and its appendages ( hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands). Musculoskeletal  :- Bones, joints and muscles that enable the body to move and give it shape. Nervous  :- Brain, spinal cord, and nerves that carry impulses and interpret them.  Endocrine  :- Organs ( thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testis) that produce hormones that regulate body functions.  Sensory  :- Organs ( eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin) that supply the body with information.  Cardiovascular  :- The heart, along with the blood vessels and tissues that transport blood to and from all parts of the body.  Hematologic and lymphatic  :- Blood and its components ( including erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma) that carry oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from all parts of the body.  Immunologic  :- Specific blood cells and lymphatic organs that help to prevent disease.  Resp...
Post a Comment
Read more

Burns & It's Management

  Burns & It's Management Description Burns are caused by a transfer of energy from a heat source to the body. The depth of the injury depends on the temperature of the burning agent and the duration of contact with it. Burns disrupt the skin, which leads to increased fluid loss; infection; hypothermia; scarring; compromised immunity; and changes in function, appearance, and body image. Young children and the elderly continue to have increased morbidity and mortality when compared to other age groups with similar injuries. Inhalation injuries in addition to cutaneous burns worsen the prognosis. Characteristics of Burn The depth of a burn injury depends on the type of injury, causative agent, temperature of the burn agent, duration of contact with the agent, and the skin thickness. Burns are classified according to the depth of tissue destruction: Superficial partialthickness burns  (similar to firstdegree), such as sunburn: The epidermis and possibly a portion of the...
Post a Comment
Read more

Angina Pectoris Management and Nursing Care Plan

 Angina Pectoris Management and Nursing Care Plan Description   Angina is chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia caused by inadequate myocardial blood and oxygen supply. Angina is caused by an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Causes include obstruction of coronary blood flow because of atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, and conditions increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. The goal of treatment is to provide relief of an acute attack, correct the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, and prevent the progression of the disease ad further attacks to reduce the risk of MI. Patterns of angina 1 .  Stable angina Stable angina also called  exertional angina. Stable angina occurs with activities that involve exertion or emotional stress and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. Stable angina usually has a stable pattern of onset, duration, severity, and relieving factors. 2.  Unstable angina Unstable angina also is called...
Post a Comment
Read more