Skip to main content

Communicable Disease (Vector Borne)

 Communicable Disease (Vector Borne)

Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)
  • An infectious disease that affects humans and animals, is considered the most common zoonosis in the world
Causative Agent:  Leptospira interrogans
Sign/Symptoms:
  • High fever
  • Chills
  • Vomiting
  • Red eyes
  • Diarrhea
  • Severe headache
  • muscle aches
  • may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
  • abdominal pain
Treatment:

PET - > Penicillins, Erythromycin, Tetracycline


Malaria
  • Malaria (from Medieval Italian: mala aria - "bad air"; formerly called ague or marsh fever) is an infectious disease that is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions.
Causative Agent:  Anopheles female mosquito

Signs & Symptoms:
  • Chills to convulsion
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Anemia
  • Sweats profusely
  • Elevated temperature
Treatment:
  • Chemoprophylaxis – chloroquine taken at weekly interval, starting from 1-2 weeks before entering the endemic area.
  • Anti-malarial drugs – sulfadoxine, quinine sulfate, tetracycline, quinidine
  • Insecticide treatment of mosquito nets, house spraying, stream seeding and clearing, sustainable preventive and vector control meas
Preventive Measures: (CLEAN)
  • Chemically treated mosquito nets
  • Larvae eating fish
  • Environmental clean up
  • Anti mosquito soap/lotion
  • Neem trees/eucalyptus tree

Filariasis
  • name for a group of tropical diseases caused by various thread-like parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae
  • larvae transmit the disease to humans through a mosquito bite
  • can progress to include gross enlargement of the limbs and genitalia in a condition called elephantiasis
Sign/Symptoms:
Asymptomatic Stage
  • Characterized by the presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood
  • No clinical signs and symptoms of the disease
  • Some remain asymptomatic for years and in some instances for life
Acute Stage
  • Lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph nodes)
  • Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymph vessels)
  • In some cases the male genitalia is affected leading to orchitis (redness, painful and tender scrotum)
Chronic Stage
  • Hydrocoele (swelling of the scrotum)
  • Lyphedema (temporary swelling of the upper and lower extremities
  • Elephantiasis (enlargement and thickening of the skin of the lower and / or upper extremities, scrotum, breast)
Management:
  • Diethylcarbamazine citrate or Hetrazan
  • Ivermectin,
  • Albendazolethe
  • No treatment can reverse elephantiasis

Schistosomiasis
  • parasitic disease caused by a larvae
Causative Agent: Schistosoma intercalatum, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni

Signs & Symptoms: (BALLIPS)

  • Bulging abdomen
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loose bowel movement
  • Low grade fever
  • Inflammation of liver & spleen
  • Pallor
  • Seizure
Preventive measures
  • health education regarding mode of transmission and methods of protection; proper disposal of feces and urine; improvement of irrigation and agriculture practices
  • Control of patient, contacts and the immediate environment
Treatment:
  • Diethylcarbamazepine citrate (DEC) or Praziquantel (drug of choice)

Dengue
  • DENGUE is a mosquito-borne infection which in recent years has become a major international public health concern..
  • It is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas.
Sign/Symptoms: (VLINOSPARD)
  • Vomiting
  • Low platelet
  • Nausea
  • Onset of fever
  • Severe headache
  • Pain of the muscle and joint
  • Abdominal pain
  • Rashes
  • Diarrhea
Treatment:
  • The mainstay of treatment is supportive therapy.
    • Intravenous fluids
    • A platelet transfusion
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Nursing speciaties

  1. Registered Nurse (RN) Education Requirement:  Associates Degree or  Bachelor’s of Science Degree Expected Job Growth:  15% increase Employment Locations:  Hospitals, residential care facilities, etc. Relevant Certifications:  State Nursing License Salary Range:  $60,300 - $75,900 Registered Nurses (RN) provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. Most registered nurses work in a team with physicians and other health care specialists in various settings. Depending on  the type of registered nurse  you'd like to become, you should consider whether an  RN vs BSN degree is right for you . You will need either an associate's degree or bachelor's degree in nursing to become an RN, therefore you can begin working in the field much sooner than other medical professions. As a regsitered nurse, you have the many career opportunities to work in d
Post a Comment
Read more

ROLE OF A NURSE IN EPIDEMIOLOGY

 ROLE OF A NURSE IN EPIDEMIOLOGY Role of a nurse in epidemiology can be explained in 4 aspects. These are: Preventive role Promotive role Curative role Rehabilitative role Role in Prevention Epidemiology is one of the basic sciences applicable to nursing. The nurses working in a community deal with people in various settings and help them solve their health problems. They make the nursing process. They identify and investigate the problem, formulate and test the hypothesis regarding the causal factors, formulate alternative interventions and implement to prevent and control the problem and evaluate effectiveness of intervention. They have an active role in the prevention and control of communicable diseases which include:             - Identify sources of infection and methods of spread of infection.             - Health education of people in general.             - Having an important role in the prevention and control of chronic and noninfectious problems, such as cardiovascular cond
Post a Comment
Read more

Cardiovascular examination

  Cardiovascular examination Inspection End of bed: Have patient lying at 45°. Expose to waist if male, but keep female patients covered until closer inspection. General comments: well, comfortable at rest, body habitus. Cardiorespiratory status: respiratory distress, cyanosis, pallor. Pitting oedema at ankle: press for 5 seconds. Hands: If normal: "hands feel warm and well perfused". Capillary refill: squeeze nailbed for 5 seconds. Should refill in ≤2 seconds. Signs of infective endocarditis (IE): splinter haemorrhages, Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions. Clubbing: cyanotic congenital heart defect, IE, axillary artery aneurysm, atrial myxoma. Tar stains. Wrist: Take radial pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by 4. Report rate, rhythm, and volume. Check for collapsing pulse by lifting arm up, asking first if they have right shoulder pain. A sign of hyperdynamic circulation, seen in aortic regurgitation, anaemia, pregnancy, hypertension, exercise, PDA, AV fistula, and thyrotoxic
Post a Comment
Read more