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Nursing speciaties

  1. Registered Nurse (RN) Education Requirement:  Associates Degree or  Bachelor’s of Science Degree Expected Job Growth:  15% increase Employment Locations:  Hospitals, residential care facilities, etc. Relevant Certifications:  State Nursing License Salary Range:  $60,300 - $75,900 Registered Nurses (RN) provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. Most registered nurses work in a team with physicians and other health care specialists in various settings. Depending on  the type of registered nurse  you'd like to become, you should consider whether an  RN vs BSN degree is right for you . You will need either an associate's degree or bachelor's degree in nursing to become an RN, therefore you can begin working in the field much sooner than other medical professions. As a regsitered nurse, you have the m...

TYPES OF TOOLS USED FOR EVALUATION

 TYPES OF TOOLS USED FOR EVALUATION There are many tools or instruments used in evaluation process. Some of the tools have been briefly discussed here: Questionnaire Most commonly used method of evaluation is questionnaire in which an individual attempts answers in writing on a paper. It is generally self-administered in  which person goes through the questionnaire and responds as per the instruction. It is considered to be the most cost-effective tool of evaluation in terms of administration. While developing teacher should ensure that it is simple, concise, and clearly stated. Evaluation done with the help of questionnaire is quantitative. Interview  Interview is the second most important technique used for evaluation in which students participating in evaluation are interviewed. Interview can help in getting information both quantitatively and qualitatively. Interview can be conducted in group or individually. It is a time-consuming process; therefore it should be arra...

Competition exam preparation books

   

Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy

 Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy Definition Bone marrow , the soft tissue contained in the medullary canals of long bone and the interstices of cancellous bone, may be removed by aspiration or needle biopsy under local anesthesia. In aspiration biopsy, a fluid specimen in which pustulae of marrow is suspended is removed. In needle biopsy, a core of marrows – cells, not fluid – its removed. These methods are commonly used concurrently to obtain the best possible marrow specimens. Red marrow, which constitutes about 50% of an adult’s marrow, actively produces stem cells that ultimately evolve into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Yellow marrow contains fat cells and connective tissue and is inactive, but it can become active in response to the body’s needs. Bleeding and infection may result from bone marrow biopsy at any site, but the most serious complications occur at the sternum. Such complications are rare but include puncture of the heart a...

Intramuscular (IM) Administration

  Intramuscular (IM) Administration Here are the steps needed to accomplish administering IM injections. Feel free to read through the steps . You will be needing all these supplies. Prepare the medication to be given, syringe, alcohol prep pad, gauze, band-aid and needle. The needles are usually 21g or 22g, and 1 1/2″ long. Wash your hands. Prepare/Mix the medication accordingly and put it into the syringe. Attach the new needle into the syringe. Medication can be given into the: Ventrogluteal  – Patient may lie on back or side with hip and knee flexed. Vastus lateralis  – Patient may lie on the back or may assume a sitting position. Deltoid  – Patient may sit or lie with arm relaxed. Dorsogluteal  – Patient may lie prone with toes pointing inward or on side with upper leg flexed and placed in front of lower leg. The site should be free of bumps and scars. Clean the site with an alcohol pad. Allow the alcohol to dry. Do not use a blower or fan to quicken the dr...

Colorectal Cancer

  Colorectal Cancer   Description of Colorectal Cancer Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colon cancer and may spread by direct extension through the walls of the intestine or through the lymphatic or circulatory system. Metastasis is most often to the liver. Duke’s Classification of Colorectal Cancer Stage A: confined to bowel mucosa, 80-90 % 5 years survival rate Stage B: invading muscle wall Stage C; Lymph node involvement Stage D: Metastases or locally unresectable tumor, less than 5% , 5 years survival rate. Causes/ Risk Factors Modifiable Diet:  Whether diet plays a role in developing colon cancer remains under debate. The belief that a high-fiber, low-fat diet could help prevent colon cancer has been questioned. Studies do indicate that exercise and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help prevent colon cancer. Obesity:  Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for colon cancer. Smoking:  Cigarette smoking has been definitely linked to a h...