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Angina Pectoris Management and Nursing Care Plan

Angina Pectoris Management and Nursing Care Plan Description Angina is chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia caused by inadequate myocardial blood and oxygen supply. Angina is caused by an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Causes include obstruction of coronary blood flow because of atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, and conditions increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. The goal of treatment is to provide relief of an acute attack, correct the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, and prevent the progression of the disease ad further attacks to reduce the risk of MI. Patterns of angina 1 . Stable angina Stable angina also called exertional angina. Stable angina occurs with activities that involve exertion or emotional stress and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. Stable angina usually has a stable pattern of onset, duration, severity, and relieving factors. 2. Unstable angina Unstable angina also is called...

Human body systems

Human Body systems Integumentary :- Skin and its appendages ( hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands). Musculoskeletal :- Bones, joints and muscles that enable the body to move and give it shape. Nervous :- Brain, spinal cord, and nerves that carry impulses and interpret them. Endocrine :- Organs ( thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testis) that produce hormones that regulate body functions. Sensory :- Organs ( eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin) that supply the body with information. Cardiovascular :- The heart, along with the blood vessels and tissues that transport blood to and from all parts of the body. Hematologic and lymphatic :- Blood and its components ( including erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma) that carry oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from all parts of the body. Immunologic :- Specific blood cells and lymphatic organs that help to prevent disease. Resp...

Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS or DNS) Summary / Definiton Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all, or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental age of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but this can vary widely. Sign & Symptoms Most children with Down syndrome have: Distinctive facial features, such as a flat face, small ears, slanting eyes, and a small mouth. A short neck and short arms and legs. Low muscle tone and loose joints. Muscle tone usually improves by late childhood. Below-average intelligence. Many children with Down syndrome are also born with heart, intestine, ear, or breathing problems. These health conditions often lead to other problems, such as airway (respiratory) infections or hearing loss. But m...

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